Key knowledge:
• the distinction between reversible and irreversible reactions, and between rate and extent of a reaction
• homogenous equilibria involving aqueous solutions or gases with reference to collision theory and representation by balanced chemical or thermochemical equations (including states) and by concentration-time graphs
• calculations involving equilibrium expressions and equilibrium constants (Kc only) for a closed homogeneous equilibrium system including dependence of value of equilibrium constant, and its units, on the equation used to represent the reaction and on the temperature
• Le Chatelier’s principle: identification of factors that favour the yield of a chemical reaction, representation of equilibrium system changes using concentration-time graphs and applications, including competing equilibria involved in the occurrence and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning resulting from incomplete combustion of fuels.
• the distinction between reversible and irreversible reactions, and between rate and extent of a reaction
• homogenous equilibria involving aqueous solutions or gases with reference to collision theory and representation by balanced chemical or thermochemical equations (including states) and by concentration-time graphs
• calculations involving equilibrium expressions and equilibrium constants (Kc only) for a closed homogeneous equilibrium system including dependence of value of equilibrium constant, and its units, on the equation used to represent the reaction and on the temperature
• Le Chatelier’s principle: identification of factors that favour the yield of a chemical reaction, representation of equilibrium system changes using concentration-time graphs and applications, including competing equilibria involved in the occurrence and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning resulting from incomplete combustion of fuels.