ORGANIC CHEMISTRY REVISION PLACE MAT - https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/vce-chemistry-revision-organic-chemistry-12042644
Functional groups
Review the functional groups covered in Unit 1- alcohols, halides, carboxylic acids and esters.
A functional group is an atom or a group of atoms that give a characteristic set of chemical properties to a molecule containing that group. •Long hydrocarbon chains are non-polar. They are not attracted to polar substances like water. Dispersion forces exist between carbon chains (inter-molecular bonding). The longer the carbon chain, the stronger the dispersion forces. •Adding a functional groups gives the hydrocarbon a polar site. Hydrogen bonding can then take place. Generally, if a compound is small and contains a functional group, it is soluble in water. Amines
•Contain the amino functional group. •bonds around the nitrogen are polar due to high electronegativity of Nitrogen •Suffix- amine •Example methanamine •general formula R-NH2 •amino acids have NH2 and COOH groups Carbonyl functional group •Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides and esters all have a carbonyl group. This is a carbon with a double bond connected to oxygen. The bonding around this carbon is triangular planar. Aldehydes •The carbonyl group is always bonded to a hydrogen (R-CHO) •CHO is always at the end of the molecule. •Suffix – al •Formaldehyde is also known as methanal. Ketones •Carbonyl group attached to two other carbon atoms. •General formula R-O-R’ •Functional group written as –CO •Suffix- one Primary amides •Primary amides contain a –NH2 group attached to a –CO group. •Primary means that there is only H attached to the nitrogen (no carbon). •Functional group –CONH2 Functional group is always at the end of the molecule. |
Carbonyl functional group.
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